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Objective To analyze the correlation between antimicrobial use density (AUD) and change in antimicrobial resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM), and explore the influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance of SM. Methods Antimicrobial resistance rate of SM and AUD of commonly used antimicrobial agents in patients in a hospital from 2012 to 2017 were summarized, correlation was analyzed with Pearson correlation method. Results A total of 23 994 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated, of which 1 331 strains (5.55％) were SM, mainly from sputum (54.02％) and distributed in intensive care unit (21.49％). Resistance rates of SM to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and compound sulfamethoxazole were 21.79％, 7.66％, and 13.37％ respectively, resistance rates to levofloxacin showed an increasing trend year by year (P＜0.05). Resistance rate of SM to levofloxacin was positively correlated with the use intensity of β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and oxazolidinones (all P＜0.05); resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole was positively correlated with the use intensity of macrolides (P＜0.05).Conclusion Change in resistance rates of SM to levofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole are positively correlated with the use intensity of some commonly used antimicrobial agents, reducing AUD is beneficial to the control and reducing of the resistance of SM.
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Asteatotic dermatitis (AsD) is a common skin disease characterized by dry skin, itching, erythema, peeling and other skin lesions. It results from the damage in cutaneous barrier related to age, seasonal climate and bathing habits, and presents dysfunction of sebaceous, sweat glands and the increase of transepidermal water loss. The pathogenesis of AsD is not clear. Previous studies mainly focused on the relationship between skin barrier damage and bathing habits, age or gender. Recently, more studies focus on its relationship with other systematic diseases and drugs. This paper reviews etiology and pathogenesis of AsD to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of AsD.
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Humans , Dermatitis, Atopic , PathologyABSTRACT
The migration and invasion of trophoblast are closely associated with the cytoskeleton. The blocking of cytoskeleton's dynamic restructuring might inhibit the migration of the cell into the spiral artery and decidua, and it would lead to a shallow trophoblast implantation, ischemia and anoxia of placentome, and the occurrence of preeclampsia (PE) eventually. Shallow trophoblast implantation plays a key role in the development of PE, and the depth of implantation was shown to be directly related to the occurrence of PE. So the research in regard to the relationship between cytoskeleton and trophoblast's migration are of great significance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of PE. In recent years a number of studies on the role of cytoskeleton in shallow implantation have been reported from time to time, and their results will be analyzed comprehensively in the present article.
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare paclitaxel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (PTX-SMEDDS) and evaluate its quality. METHODS: The equilibrium solubility of paclitaxel in different compositions of oil, emulsifiers and assistant emulsifiers was investigated. The optimal Km was determined and PTX-SMEDDS was prepared by using the method of titration to establish the pseudo-tern, injury phase diagram. The appearance, morphology, size distribution, concentration and stability of PTX-SMEDDS were determined. RESULTS: PTX-SMEDDS prepared with EL-35, lecithin and anhydrous ethanol at the ratio of 4:1:6, containing 6% DOC-Na and 7.5% of MCT, was a uniform and stable colloidal system displaying as a translucent diluted-yellow solution. PTX-SMEDDS under elec-from microscopy consisted of small spherical drops with a mean diameter of 19.4 nm. The appearance, pH, concentration and particle size of SMEDDS were stable after it was diluted with sodium chloride injection and glucose injection by 10-fold or 50-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION: The PTX-SMEDDS is easy to prepare and its quality is stable, which provieds some information for the development of new paclitaxel formulations.
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OBJECTIVE: To research the protective effects of Acanthus ilicifolius alkaloids A and its two derivatives in the rats with immune hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: Immune hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal administration porcine serum. SD rats were treated intragastric administration with [4-hydroxy-2 (3H)-benzoxazolone, HBOA], [4-acetoxy-2 (3H)-benzox-azolone, AcO-BOA], (3-acetyl-4-acetoxy-2-benzoxazolone, TC-3). The activities of ALT, AST in serum and the levels of HA and LN in serum were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the activities of ALT, AST and the levels of HA and LN in the model group were significantly increased. Compared with the model group, animals treated with the HBOA, AcO-BOA or TC-3 could decrease the activities of ALT and AST and the levels of HA and LN markedly. Histopathological results showed that treatment groups could relieve the porcine serum-induced liver damage. CONCLUSION: HBOA and its derivatives have protective effect on the rats with immune-mediated hepatic fibrosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a significant clinical problem. We, therefore, performed a prospective, randomized trial to investigate the role of probucol in the prevention of CIAKI in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography (CAG) and interventions (PCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We studied 205 patients with UAP, who underwent CAG or PCI prospectively. Patients were randomly assigned to probucol group (n = 102) and control group (n = 103). In the probucol group, the patients received probucol tablets 500 mg b.i.d for 3 days before and after intervention. All the patients, after intervention, underwent hydration with intravenous saline at a rate of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour for 12 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients were well-matched with no significant difference at baseline in majority measured parameters between two groups. CIAKI occurred in 23 of the 205 (11.22%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify correlates of CIAKI and clinical data. CIAKI was most strongly associated with Scr > or = 132.6 micromol/L (OR = 21.11, 95%CI 1.95 - 56.06, P < 0.001), Ccr < 60 ml/min (OR = 4.19, 95%CI 1.94 - 9.05, P < 0.001), heart function > class II (OR = 6.23, 95%CI 2.73 - 14.21, P < 0.001), Diabetes (OR = 2.049, 95%CI 1.19 - 5.25, P < 0.001), age > or = 70 yrs (OR = 3.52, 95%CI 1.66 - 7.43, P < 0.001), coronary artery calcification shown by CAG (OR = 4.29, 95%CI 1.99 - 9.24, P < 0.001). The rate of CIAKI in probucol groups was slightly lower compared with control group (7.84% vs. 14.56%), without significant difference. The post-procedure mean peak of Scr [(101.62 +/- 42.98) micromol/L vs. (117.67 +/- 68.77) micromol/L, P = 0.047] and the post-procedure increasing Scr from baseline (DeltaScr) [(13.49 +/- 19.61) micromol/L vs. (22.50 +/- 18.31) micromol/L, P = 0.001] in the probucol group decreased significantly compared with that of control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prophylactic treatment with probucol 500 mg b.i.d during periprocedural stage in patients with UAP has preventing role against CIAKI after cardiac catheterization.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Kidney Injury , Angina, Unstable , Diagnostic Imaging , Contrast Media , Coronary Angiography , Probucol , Therapeutic Uses , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide DNA molecular marker for identification of Nelumbo nucifera by exploring the differences of nrDNA-ITS sequence of N. nucifera originated from different habitats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To compare nrDNA-ITS base sequence using specific PCR-ITS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The completed sequence of ITS and 5.8 S rDNA, and the partial sequences of 18S rDNA and 26S rDNA, totally 750 bp, from N. nucifera were obtained. The differences among N. nucifera from different habitats and from different cultivars were found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method can be used to identify N. nucifera among different species and to distinguish their fakes. It provided the basis for identifying N. nucifera from different geographical regions by comparison of their ITS sequences.</p>